Tungsten hlau
tungsten hlau yog cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg; Nws muaj lub cim W thiab atomic tooj 74. Tungsten yog cov hlau tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yuav luag tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov tebchaw nrog lwm cov ntsiab lus. Nws tau raug txheeb xyuas tias yog lub ntsiab lus tshiab hauv xyoo 1781 thiab thawj zaug cais ua hlau hauv xyoo 1783.
1. Tungsten hlau qis tshaj coefficient ntawm thermal expansion ntawm cov hlau ntshiab muab kev ruaj ntseg nyob rau hauv huab cua kub, ua rau nws tseem ceeb rau cov cuab yeej xws li tungsten-carbide tej cuab yeej thiab dav hlau turbine hniav.
2. Me me kinetic munitions thiab sib tw tsheb ballast yog ob qho piv txwv ntawm kev siv uas tungsten hlau ci. Nws qhov ceev yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 1.7 npaug siab dua cov hlau lead thiab 19.3 npaug siab dua dej.
3. Vim nws cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab inertness, tungsten hlau yog siv dav hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov hluav taws xob ntau. Nws ua haujlwm raws li qhov tseem ceeb rau X-ray lub hom phiaj thiab pom cov ntawv thov hauv electrodes, conductors, thiab metallic films.
4. Vim nws cov corrosion kuj zoo heev, tungsten hlau tuaj yeem raug corrosive cov ntaub ntawv xws li cov kuab tshuaj, dej, thiab kua qaub rau lub sijhawm ntev. Nws resilience ua rau nws muaj peev xwm siv tau hauv cov chaw maritime, xws li: cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, nuv ntses lures, thiab shipbuilding.
5. Tungsten hlau boasts qhov siab tshaj plaws melting point ntawm cov hlau ntshiab (3,422 degree), ua rau nws tseem ceeb heev rau kev siv nyob rau hauv high-temperature ib puag ncig, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv aerospace thiab kev tsim kho.
Vim li cas thiaj xaiv peb
Kev ruaj ntseg zoo
Zhenan muaj kev tswj xyuas nruj heev, suav nrog kev xaiv cov khoom siv raw, tswj kev tsim khoom, tshuaj xyuas cov khoom, ntim zoo thiab xa khoom. Tag nrho cov khoom raug soj ntsuam nruj thiab txhua qhov kev txiav txim raug tshuaj xyuas los ntawm cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam ua ntej xa khoom.
Kev pabcuam tshaj lij
Nrog kev paub dhau los hauv cov ntaub ntawv siab-purity, peb tuaj yeem pab cov neeg siv khoom xaiv cov khoom, tsim cov khoom thiab muab kev txhawb nqa. Peb muaj lub chaw soj nstuam ywj pheej los tsim thiab sim cov ntaub ntawv tshiab thiab muab kev sab laj rau cov neeg siv khoom.
Peb muab cov nqi sib tw tshaj plaws
Zhenan muab cov nqi sib tw tshaj plaws rau ntau yam khoom. Peb tuav kev sib raug zoo nrog cov thawj coj hauv kev lag luam hauv Suav teb kom tau txais cov khoom siv qis thiab cov khoom zoo. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, peb tau tsim kom muaj cov saw hlau ua tiav los txo cov nqi, thiab peb ib txwm ua raws li kev tsim khoom loj thiab kev tswj xyuas kev tshawb fawb.
Tungsten Hlau VS Stainless hlau
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Yam khoom |
Tungsten hlau |
Stainless hlau |
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Tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg |
Hlau, C, W, thiab lwm yam. |
Fe, Cr, Ni, thiab lwm yam |
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Cov khoom |
High hardness, thermal stability, thiab kub tsis kam. |
Zoo heev corrosion, tshav kub, thiab high-temperature kuj. |
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Qhov zoo |
Nws muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo heev thiab hnav tsis kam, ua rau nws tsim nyog rau kev ua cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj. Nws kuj muaj qhov zoo thermal stability, tso cai rau nws kom muaj zog hardness ntawm siab kub. |
Tseem muaj xeb-dawb txawm tias siv ntev hauv cov kua qaub lossis alkaline ib puag ncig. |
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Qhov tsis zoo |
Nws muaj cov nqi tsim khoom ntau dua thiab nyuaj rau kev ua haujlwm. |
Nws muaj lub zog qis dua thiab ua rau cov yas deformation. |
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Daim ntawv thov |
Aerospace, tub rog, kev kho mob, thiab lwm yam. |
Kev tsim kho, kev ua zaub mov, khoom siv kho mob, tshuaj, thiab lwm yam. |
Dab tsi yog qhov kev siv ntawm tungsten hlau?
Electronics
Tungsten hlau yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ua cov khoom sib txuas rau kev sib txuas ua ke. Tungsten hlau yog qhov tseem ceeb rau nws cov hluav taws xob ua hluav taws xob thiab kev ua haujlwm siab. Qhov no tau lees tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hloov pauv ntawm cov neeg sib txawv hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, yog li ua kom lawv cov kev ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab txhawb nqa cov kev sib txuas sib txuas uas tsis tseem ceeb rau cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub no.
Cov hlau nplaum
Nws yog ib qho kev xyaum ua ke ntawm cov hlau tungsten nrog cov hlau refractory los tsim cov alloys uas tsim nyog rau ntau yam kev siv, xws li turbine blades thiab foob pob ua ntxaij-cav nozzles, nrog rau zoo darts.
Fusion Fais Fab
Hauv fusion fais fab, tungsten hlau tshaj cov pa roj carbon rau cov ntaub ntawv plasma-facing (PFM) hauv cov reactors nuclear tom ntej. Nws qhov tshwj xeeb kub-kub lub zog, kev yaig tsawg, thermal conductivity, tsis tshua muaj tritium tuav, thiab kev ua kom tsis tshua muaj nyob rau hauv neutron irradiation ua rau tungsten qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm yav tom ntej fusion reactors.
Cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov
Cov ntawv thov rau tungsten hlau suav nrog kev txhim kho cov yam ntxwv sib nqus ntawm SmFeN- -Fe ruaj khov hlau nplaum nanocomposites. Tungsten tau ntxiv rau hauv 0-17% ntau yam los hloov kho microstructure thiab kev coj tus cwj pwm sib nqus. Qhov no yog ua tiav los ntawm mechanically alloying Sm, Fe, thiab W hmoov, ces annealing thiab nitriding sib tov. Yog li ntawd, cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov ua haujlwm thiab ua haujlwm zoo dua.
Cov ntawv thov kho mob
Tungsten alloys yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv ntau hom kev kho mob, muab lub zog thiab kev tiv thaiv. Lawv ua haujlwm hauv gamma radiography, cov cuab yeej oncology, thiab ua cov thawv rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Tsis tas li ntawd, tungsten-alloy syringe shields muab kev tiv thaiv zoo tiv thaiv hluav taws xob, ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo hauv cov txheej txheem kho mob.
Nanowires
tungsten oxide nanowires, tsim los ntawm tungsten thiab oxygen atoms, ua kom pom cov hluav taws xob zoo heev thiab cov khoom siv kho qhov muag tshwj xeeb, nrhiav kev siv hauv kev hnov, hluav taws xob, optoelectronics, thiab lub zog cia.
Cov khoom siv tub rog
tungsten hlau, khoom plig rau nws qhov siab hardness thiab kub tsis kam, yog siv rau hauv kev siv tub rog xws li: tungsten-alloy mos txwv, shrapnel hau, thiab armor-piercing projectiles.
Kev siv tshuaj
Hauv kev lag luam tshuaj, tungsten compounds yog qhov tseem ceeb vim tias lawv pab tsim ntau yam khoom siv. Cov tebchaw no tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov khoom tshwj xeeb ntawm tungsten los cuam tshuam rau kev tsim ntawm ntau yam khoom siv tshuaj tsim nyog hauv kev siv ntau yam, los ntawm cov xim thiab xim rau cov catalysts, inks, thiab lubricants.
Tungsten hlau yog thawj zaug pom nyob rau hauv 1783 los ntawm charcoal txo cov oxide pom nyob rau hauv wolframite. Nws tau siv rau ntau pua xyoo hauv ntau hom ntawv ua ib feem ntawm kev tsim cov plooj (porcelain) ua cov tais diav. Hauv ntau lub tebchaws, nws raug hu ua wolfram es tsis yog tungsten. Lo lus tungsten los ntawm Swedish lub ntsiab lus "hnyav pob zeb". Wolframite yog los ntawm German lo lus "hma rahm" txhais tau tias "hma cream".
tungsten hlau yog siv los ua lub hauv paus thiab cov khoom siv alloying nrog cov alloy tungsten carbide yog nws daim ntawv feem ntau. Scheelite thiab wolframite yog ob qho tseem ceeb tungsten minerals. Qhov kev siv niaj hnub no ntawm tungsten yog raws li cov khoom siv teeb pom kev zoo, uas tseem nrov niaj hnub no.
Tungsten carbide yog ib qho sib xyaw uas muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm tungsten atoms thiab carbide atoms. Nws yog cov hmoov grey uas yog compressed thiab zoo li tus los ntawm sintering rau siv nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv, txiav cov cuab yeej, abrasives, armor tho lub plhaub, thiab cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub. Raws li nrog tungsten, tungsten carbide muaj qhov kub kub ntawm 5200 degree F lossis 2870 degree nrog rau qhov kub ntawm 10830 degree F lossis 6000 degree.
Ob hom tungsten carbide tebchaw yog tungsten carbide (WC) thiab tungsten semicarbazide (W2C). Tsis tas li ntawd, ob pawg ntawm tungsten carbide yog a-WC thiab ß-WC nrog a-WC muaj daim ntawv hexagonal thiab ß-WC muaj daim ntawv kub kub.
Tungsten Carbide
Tungsten carbide yog kev sib xyaw ntawm tungsten thiab carbon ntawm qhov sib piv 1 txog 1. Nws yog cov hmoov zoo grey uas tau ua tiav rau hauv lwm cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb. Tungsten carbide yog ib qho muaj zog alloy uas muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov tshuaj xws li acids, alkalis, thiab cov teebmeem ntawm oxygen thiab dej. Nws muaj ob zaug lub zog ntawm qib high-qib steel thiab yog denser tshaj titanium los yog hlau. Muaj ntau tshaj 20 qib ntawm tungsten carbide hmoov, uas txawv raws li lawv cov grain loj, tensile zog, hardness thiab melting ntsiab lus.
Kev tsim cov tungsten carbide suav nrog sintering thiab nias tungsten carbide hmoov rau hauv cov khoom muaj zog thiab ruaj khov, cov cuab yeej, thiab qhov chaw. Vim nws lub zog siab, tungsten carbide muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev lag luam mining, kev tsim kho, thiab hlau ua haujlwm. Raws li kev txheeb cais, 60% ntawm tag nrho cov tungsten carbide alloys yog tsim rau cov kev lag luam no nkaus xwb.
Cemented Carbide
Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau alloys ntawm tungsten. Nws yog ib qho tungsten carbide alloyed ntxiv nrog cobalt uas yog siv los ua cov ntawv khi uas tsim cov cement. Cobalt ntxiv dag zog rau tungsten thiab tiv thaiv nws txoj kev nyiam ntawm kev ua nkig nyob rau hauv kev kub siab thiab yog li tso cai rau nws siv rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb.
Alloyed tungsten
Alloyed tungsten yog ib lo lus dav dav uas hais txog ntau yam alloys ua los ntawm kev sib xyaw tungsten nrog ntau hom hlau. Piv txwv li yog tooj liab thiab hlau alloys. Cov alloys ntau yam muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam. tungsten nickel hlau yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov alloys ntawm tungsten. Nickel ntxiv qhov ntom ntom, txhim kho lub zog thiab txhim kho ductility ntawm cov hlau alloy tshiab. tungsten npib tsib xee tooj liab yog lwm qhov siv tau zoo ntawm tungsten uas muaj qee lub peev xwm tshwj xeeb. Lub xub ntiag ntawm tooj liab nyob rau hauv ib qho hlau alloy ua rau cov hlau tsis muaj hlau nplaum tshiab. Qhov no yog li tsim cov hlau muaj zog heev uas tsis muaj cov khoom sib nqus. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau oncology systems thiab cov dej num uas tiv thaiv hluav taws xob sensors yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Ntshiab tungsten
Nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv purest, tungsten yog ib qho hluav taws xob zoo heev thiab feem ntau yog siv rau hauv kev siv hluav taws xob. Hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov tungsten ntshiab yog siv los ua qhov sib txuas nruab nrab rau cov khoom ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag.
Yuav ua li cas tungsten hlau yog cais thiab Refined
Yog tias koj puas tau xav paub seb koj qhov ntxim nyiam li cas (lossis tsis tshua muaj txiv neej thiab rugged) tungsten hlau carbide tuaj, koj yuav pom tias muaj ntau yam ntxiv rau cov txheej txheem tshaj li xaj koj lub nplhaib los ntawm koj lub npe nrov tungsten jeweler. Kev khawb rau hauv lub nplhaib tungsten carbide tuaj yeem yog qhov qhib qhov muag thiab tsis meej pem uas pib nrog, zoo, khawb.
Thaum cov tungsten hlau ore uas tau muab rho tawm hauv lub ntiaj teb yog npaj rau kev ua thiab tau npaj. Cov txheej txheem hauv kev npaj cov tungsten yog tib yam li tau siv txij thaum nws tau pib muab rho tawm los ntawm cov kwv tij Spanish thiab chemists Juan Jose thiab Fausto d'Elhuyar y de Suvisa. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis zoo li cov qauv siv los ntawm d'Elhuvar y de Suvisa cov kwv tij, niaj hnub kev rho tawm thiab kev npaj yuav tsum muaj cov kauj ruam nyuaj ntxiv. Niaj hnub no, ib tug complex extraction yog tsim thaum lub sij hawm tus txheej txheem. Cov tshuaj hu ua ammonium paratungstate, lossis feem ntau hu ua APT.
APT yog tsim nyob rau hauv ob txoj kev sib txawv. Cov txheej txheem yog acid leaching thiab autoclave-soda. Ore yog tov nrog sodium carbonate nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem autoclave-soda. APT crystals yog tsim tom qab ammonia ntxiv rau sodium tungstate tov.
Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem acid leaching, tungsten hlau ore yog tawg siv hydrochloric acid ua cov khoom tungstic acid thiab calcium chloride. Ammonia yog siv raws li hauv cov txheej txheem autoclave-soda. Ammonia yog siv los yaj tungstic acid. Tom qab evaporating thiab lim cov sib tov, muaju ntawm APT raug tsim.
Tam sim no, tej zaum koj yuav xav tsis thoob tias cov khoom siv lead ua tau ua li cas nrog tungsten carbide rings koj yuav ntawm koj lub khw muag khoom hauv zos lossis hauv online. Zoo, cov txheej txheem tseem tsis tau ua tiav. Cov txheej txheem tom ntej yog ua tungsten oxide.
Lub APT crystals yog rhuab nyob rau hauv ib lub cub tawg nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tsim ib tug ntawm peb hom oxides uas yog tsim. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem no, hydrogen yog tshuab hla cov muaju. Thaum lub sij hawm tus txheej txheem no, muaj qhov tseem ceeb peb cheeb tsam ntawm txawv theem ntawm huab cua sov. Hauv thaj chaw uas muaj cua sov siab tshaj plaws, hydrogen hloov ammonia hauv APT rau hauv hydrogen thiab nitrogen. Thaum kawg, tungsten hmoov yog tsim los ntawm kev txo cov oxide nyob rau hauv lub cub tawg. Tom qab cov hmoov tungsten tsim, nws tuaj yeem ua rau cov hlau tsis zoo los ntawm cov txheej txheem hu ua sintering.
Muaj ntau txoj kev tshawb fawb thiab xyoo ntawm kev tshawb pom uas nkag mus rau hauv kev cais cov tungsten hlau. Thaum nws yog cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm hnyav, qhov kawg tshwm sim tsim ntau, ntau dua li tsuas yog tungsten rings thiab lwm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub zoo.
Cov khoom ntawm tungsten hlau
Tungsten Hlau Chemical Properties
Tungsten hlau yog nyob rau hauv cov kev hloov pauv ntawm pawg chemistry periodic table thiab muaj oxidation xeev ntawm + 2, + 3, + 4, + 5, thiab + 6. Nws muaj tus lej atomic ntawm 74 thiab qhov txheeb ze atomic loj ntawm 183.84. Tungsten hlau yog ib qho khoom ntawm chav tsev kub vim yog qhov ruaj khov isometric siv lead ua uas tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv x-ray.
Tungsten hlau yog heev tiv taus corrosion los ntawm acids thiab tsuas yog yooj yim rau nitric acid thiab hydrofluoric acid. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem tsis muaj zog los ntawm alkaline oxidizing melts zoo li potassium nitrate lossis sodium hydroxide. tungsten hlau yog heev tiv taus corrosion tab sis yuav ua ke nrog oxygen yooj yim ntawm qhov kub siab heev los tsim trioxides.
Lawm, cov hlau yog sib tov ntawm 5 ruaj khov isotopes xws li tungsten-180, tungsten-182, tungsten-183, tungsten-184, thiab tungsten-186 uas muaj feem pua ntawm 0.12%, 26.5%, 14.3%, 30.6% thiab 28.4% feem.
Tungsten Hlau Physical Properties
Tungsten hlau nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv purest yog ib tug ci iab hlau uas yuav ua tau yooj yim ua. Txawm li cas los xij, nws muaj cov pa oxygen thiab carbon nyob rau hauv nws cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab qhov no ua rau nws nkig heev thaum muab tso rau hauv kev ntxhov siab thiab quab yuam.
Nws kuj muaj cov thermal expansion coefficient tsawg heev ntawm 4.4 × 10-6mm degree uas yog hais txog tib yam li cov iav borosilicate thiab qhov no yog vim li cas nws thiaj li siv rau iav hlau seals.Tungsten kuj yog ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg thiab tsis decompose. los yog tawg yooj yim.
Zhenan New Metal Co., Ltd. yeej ib txwm tsom rau kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim kho, tsim khoom thiab muag khoom ntawm cov khoom siv hlau. Peb lub Hoobkas npog thaj tsam ntawm 30, 000 square meters thiab muaj tag nrho cov khoom siv niaj hnub tsim. Nws muaj ob lub chaw tsim khoom hlau loj thiab chaw kuaj khoom siv hlau. Qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hlau tsim yog kev ntseeg siab.
Peb Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj
Nug cov lus nug
Peb nyob nraum kev tungsten hlau manufacturers thiab lwm tus neeg nyob hauv Suav teb, tshwj xeeb hauv kev muab cov kev pabcuam zoo. Peb sov siab txais tos koj mus yuav tungsten hlau ntawm tus nqi sib tw los ntawm peb lub hoobkas. Tiv tauj peb kom paub meej ntxiv.