Niobium hlau
Niobium hlau yog cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg; Nws muaj cov cim Nb (yav tas los columbium, Cb) thiab atomic tooj 41. Nws yog lub teeb grey, crystalline, thiab cov hlau hloov pauv. Ntshiab niobium muaj Mohs hardness ntsuam xyuas zoo ib yam li ntshiab titanium, thiab nws muaj zoo ductility rau hlau. Niobium oxidizes nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb huab cua maj mam, li no nws daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub raws li ib tug hypoallergenic lwm txoj rau nickel. Niobium feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov pyrochlore thiab columbite, li no lub npe qub "columbium".
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm Niobium Hlau
Ductility thiab Malleability:Niobium hlau yog ductile heev thiab malleable. Qhov no txhais tau tias nws tuaj yeem kos rau hauv cov hlau los yog hammered rau hauv cov ntawv nyias, ib qho khoom tseem ceeb rau kev tsim khoom thiab kev siv engineering.
High Melting Point:Nrog lub melting point ntawm txog 2,468 degrees Celsius (4,474 degrees Fahrenheit), niobium hlau tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias, ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau siv hauv high-temperature engineering applications.
Corrosion Resistance:Niobium hlau yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tiv taus corrosion, uas ua rau nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig uas yuav degrade lossis ua rau lwm yam khoom puas.
Superconductivity:Ib qho ntawm cov khoom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm niobium hlau yog nws lub peev xwm los ua superconductive ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Thaum txias hauv qab qhov kub thiab txias, nws tuaj yeem ua hluav taws xob nrog xoom tsis kam, cov cuab yeej siv rau ntau yam kev tshawb fawb thiab kev kho mob.
Vim li cas thiaj xaiv peb
Kev ruaj ntseg zoo
Zhenan muaj kev tswj xyuas nruj heev, suav nrog kev xaiv cov khoom siv raw, tswj kev tsim khoom, tshuaj xyuas cov khoom, ntim zoo thiab xa khoom. Tag nrho cov khoom raug soj ntsuam nruj thiab txhua qhov kev txiav txim raug tshuaj xyuas los ntawm cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam ua ntej xa khoom.
Kev pabcuam tshaj lij
Nrog kev paub dhau los hauv cov ntaub ntawv siab-purity, peb tuaj yeem pab cov neeg siv khoom xaiv cov khoom, tsim cov khoom thiab muab kev txhawb nqa. Peb muaj lub chaw soj nstuam ywj pheej los tsim thiab sim cov ntaub ntawv tshiab thiab muab kev sab laj rau cov neeg siv khoom.
Peb muab cov nqi sib tw tshaj plaws
Zhenan muab cov nqi sib tw tshaj plaws rau ntau yam khoom. Peb tuav kev sib raug zoo nrog cov thawj coj hauv kev lag luam hauv Suav teb kom tau txais cov khoom siv qis thiab cov khoom zoo. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, peb tau tsim kom muaj cov saw hlau ua tiav los txo cov nqi, thiab peb ib txwm ua raws li kev tsim khoom loj thiab kev tswj xyuas kev tshawb fawb.
Dab tsi yog Daim Ntawv Thov ntawm Niobium Hlau
Hlau thiab steel kev lag luam
Txog 85% mus rau 90% ntawm niobium hlau nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb no yog siv rau hlau thiab hlau ntau lawm ua ib daim ntawv ntawm niobium hlau. Cov hlau tuaj yeem nce ntau dua 30% ntawm lub zog los ntawm kev ntxiv 0.03% - 0.05% niobium. Niobium tuaj yeem ua rau nag lossis daus thiab tswj cov cua txias kom ua tiav qhov kev faib tawm ntawm cov nag lossis daus, thiab kho cov qib toughness ntawm cov hlau hauv ntau yam. Yog li ntawd, qhov sib ntxiv ntawm niobium hlau tsis tuaj yeem txhim kho lub zog ntawm cov hlau, tab sis kuj tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov kub thiab txias oxidation tsis kam thiab corrosion kuj ntawm steel, txo cov ductile brittle hloov kub ntawm cov hlau, cov hlau muaj cov vuam zoo thiab formability.
Superconducting cov ntaub ntawv kev lag luam
Qee cov niobium tebchaw thiab niobium hlau muaj qhov kub thiab txias hloov pauv, uas yog siv dav hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm ntau yam kev lag luam superconductors, xws li lub tshuab hluav taws xob superconducting, siab zog accelerator hlau nplaum, superconducting magnetic zog cia, magnetic resonance imaging khoom thiab lwm yam.
Tam sim no, cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog NB Ti thiab Nb Sn, uas tau siv dav hauv kev kuaj mob ntawm magnetic resonance imaging apparatus thiab nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer rau spectral kab tsom xam.
Aerospace Kev Lag Luam
Aerospace kev lag luam yog lub ntsiab daim ntawv thov cheeb tsam ntawm siab purity niobium, tsuas yog siv rau kev tsim xyaw thiab kub resistant Cheebtsam foob pob ua ntxaij thiab spacecraft. NB - thiab Ta - raws li kub - alloys muaj zoo heev thermal thiab thermal kuj thiab processability, uas yog dav siv nyob rau hauv aircraft Cheebtsam thiab roj turbine hniav. Nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States, yuav luag tag nrho cov dav hlau fighter engine yog ua los ntawm niobium alloy.
Atomic zog kev lag luam
Niobium hlau muaj cov thermal conductivity, siab melting point, zoo corrosion kuj, thiab tsawg neutron capture cross section. Nws yog ib yam khoom uas zoo haum rau atomic reactors. Kev siv loj ntawm niobium hlau hauv kev lag luam atomic zog suav nrog suav nrog cov roj hluav taws xob nuclear, cov alloys ntawm nuclear fuels, thiab cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib hloov hauv cov hluav taws xob nuclear.
Kev lag luam hluav taws xob
Niobate ceramics tuaj yeem siv rau kev tsim cov capacitors. Ib leeg siv lead ua xws li lithium niobate thiab potassium niobate tebchaw yog ib hom tshiab ntawm Optoelectronics thiab electronics nrog zoo siv lead ua, piezoelectric, pyroelectric thiab optical zog, tau dav siv rau infrared, laser technology thiab hluav taws xob kev lag luam. Tsis tas li ntawd, niobium hlau muaj qhov siab melting point, siab emission electron muaj peev xwm, thiab muaj peev xwm nyiam huab cua. Nws tuaj yeem siv los ua cov raj hluav taws xob thiab lwm yam khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Kev kho mob teb
Niobium muaj anti-corrosive physiological thiab zoo lom compatibility, yuav tsis tshwm sim ntau yam kua tshuaj nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev, thiab yuav luag tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov ntaub so ntswg lom, tuaj yeem hloov kho rau txhua txoj kev ua kom tsis muaj menyuam, uas feem ntau siv rau hauv kev tsim cov pob txha phaj, pob txha taub hau phaj. ntsia hlau, cog cag, phais ntsuas thiab lwm yam ..
Lwm daim ntawv thov
Hauv kev lag luam tshuaj, niobium hlau yog cov kua qaub thiab kua hlau corrosion resistant cov khoom uas yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv ua noj ua haus tshuab rhaub thiab txias. Tsis tas li ntawd, niobium acid kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb catalyst.
Niobium hlau kuj tau siv rau kev lag luam hauv kev lag luam, nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog tsim cov carbide nyuaj thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm graphite morphology thiab qhov loj me, uas feem ntau siv rau hauv kev tsim tsheb lub tog raj kheej taub hau, piston nplhaib thiab nres thiab lwm yam.. Tsis tas li ntawd, niobium yog qee zaum siv los ua kev nco txog nyiaj npib nrog kub thiab nyiaj.
Hom Niobium Hlau
Niobium daim hlau tuaj yeem siv rau hauv ntau yam kev siv thev naus laus zis uas txuas rau metallurgy, engineering thiab kev lag luam. Cov duab kev cai, qhov ntau thiab tsawg thiab thicknesses tuaj yeem tsim tau raws li cov neeg siv khoom xav tau.
Niobium-titanium alloys siv nyob rau hauv superconductors thiab particle accelerators, npib inserts, thiab dimensionally ruaj khov crucibles siv rau pob zeb diamond loj hlob tuaj yeem ua tau siv cov txheej txheem no.
Niobium hlau yog ib qho tshwj xeeb refractory hlau nrog superior tiv taus hnav thiab kub. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws cov ntsiab lus melting yog siab thiab nthuav tawm cov khoom zoo heev corrosion kuj.
Nb yog ib qho tseem ceeb alloying ntsiab nyob rau hauv high-lub zog qis, alloy (HSLA) steels. Nws muab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo dua li vanadium lossis titanium; tsuas yog ib nrab ntawm ntau npaum li Nb xav tau kom ua tiav tib lub zog ntxiv.
Niobium hlau yog mos, grey hloov hlau nrog zoo alloying zog thiab dav siv nyob rau hauv high-tech khoom xws li superconducting hlau nplaum thiab MRI scanners.
Niobium tsis tshua muaj tshuaj lom thiab iridescence ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub thiab cov ntaub ntawv zoo nkauj, xws li anodization. Anodization ua rau muaj kev tswj hwm thiab rov ua tau ntau yam ntawm cov xim uas tsis xeb lossis tarnish thiab tuaj yeem yooj yim polished los yog buffed kom ua tiav high-luster tiav.
Nws yog tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem txias dov thiab tshuaj dawb huv rau ntau yam kev siv reactive. Lawv kuj muaj xws li coils uas yog siv nyob rau hauv semiconductor & hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob.
Niobium hlau yog mos, grey hloov hlau zoo ib yam li tantalum nrog cov khoom nyob ze rau tantalum uas pom kev siv thoob plaws kev siv kho mob thiab cov txheej txheem steel ntau lawm.
Raws li ib feem ntawm nws cov kev tiv thaiv corrosion thiab lub zog, titanium feem ntau ntxiv rau stainless hlau rau kev tiv thaiv corrosion thiab txhim kho lub zog. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug flux nyob rau hauv welding rods.
Niobium kuj yog ib qho khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov hlau nplaum superconducting siv hauv MRI scanners vim nws yooj yim heev thiab oxidation tsis kam, ua rau nws tsim nyog ntxiv.
Niobium hlau yog lub teeb grey, crystalline hloov pauv hlau nrog cov khoom siv tau yooj yim uas ua rau nws haum rau electroplating jewellery designs thiab superconductivity daim ntaub ntawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hlau ntau yam no muaj ntau yam kev lag luam siv raws li nws tau pom nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv superconducting thiab kev siv.
Thermal neutron capture cross-section ntsuas yog tsawg, ua cov khoom no haum rau cov ntawv siv nuclear xws li cov pom hauv MRI scanner hlau nplaum.
Aluminium lub siab melting point thiab zoo heev corrosion kuj ua rau nws cov khoom tsim nyog rau fabrication qhov chaw, thiab nws muaj peev xwm txawm yuav alloyed nrog npib tsib xee los yog hlau los tsim superconducting cov ntaub ntawv.
Aluminium kuj tseem tuaj yeem yog cov khoom siv zoo rau kev xa cov teeb liab kho qhov muag ntawm qhov chaw-localized evanescent nthwv dej. Nws yog ib qho kev xaiv tseem ceeb hauv nanophotonics, muab lwm txoj hauv kev rau cov hlau zoo rau kev xa xov hluav taws xob.
Cov hlau yuav siv sij hawm nyob rau hauv ib tug tinge bluish thaum raug huab cua nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub rau ncua sij hawm.Txawm hais tias ib tug siab melting point nyob rau hauv lub elemental daim ntawv (2,468 degree), nws yog tsawg ntom dua lwm yam refractory hlau. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog corrosion-resistant, nthuav tawm superconductivity zog, thiab cov ntaub ntawv dielectric oxide txheej.
Niobium hlau yog me ntsis electropositive thiab ntau compact dua li nws ua ntej nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm lub rooj, zirconium, whereas nws yog zoo tib yam nyob rau hauv loj rau lub hnyav tantalum atoms, vim hais tias ntawm lub lanthanide contraction. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, niobium hlau tshuaj muaj zog zoo ib yam li cov tantalum, uas tshwm ncaj qha hauv qab niobium hlau nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm lub rooj.Txawm hais tias nws cov corrosion kuj tsis zoo li cov tantalum, tus nqi qis dua thiab muaj ntau dua ua rau niobium hlau txaus nyiam. rau kev thov tsawg dua, xws li vat linings hauv cov nroj tsuag tshuaj.
Txheej Txheem Ntawm Niobium Hlau Hlau
Niobium yog cov hlau tsis tshua muaj lub cev zoo thiab tshuaj lom neeg, thiab nws cov hlau yog dav siv hauv ntau qhov chaw ua haujlwm siab. Cov txheej txheem ntawm niobium hlau feem ntau suav nrog melting, ingot casting, kub ua, txias ua thiab kawg molding. Cov hauv qab no yog cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua niobium:
Smelting thiab ingot casting
Smelting ntawm niobium hlau feem ntau yog ua nyob rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev los yog inert gas tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob niobium reacting nrog oxygen, nitrogen thiab hydrogen nyob rau hauv cov huab cua. Cov txheej txheem muaj xws li electron beam melting thiab arc melting. Tom qab melting, cov kua niobium yog nchuav rau hauv pwm los ua ib qho ingot.
Kub ua haujlwm
Lub ingot tau txais cov txheej txheem kub ua ntej, xws li forging thiab dov, rau hauv cov ntawv me me. Cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov ntom thiab sib xws ntawm niobium hlau thiab txhim kho nws cov khoom siv kho tshuab. Forging thiab dov feem ntau yog nqa tawm ntawm qhov kub thiab txias kom txo cov hardness ntawm cov hlau thiab nce nws cov ductility.
Annealing
Lub niobium hlau billet tom qab ua kub yuav tsum tau annealed kom tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab nyob rau hauv thiab restore lub plasticity ntawm cov khoom. Annealing feem ntau yog ua nyob rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev los yog inert cua los tiv thaiv niobium oxidation.
Kev ua haujlwm txias
Kev ua haujlwm txias, suav nrog kev kos duab hlau thiab txias dov, yog lub kauj ruam tseem ceeb los ua cov txheej txheem ntxiv rau cov hlau nplaum niobium hlau rau hauv cov hlau zoo. Kev ua haujlwm txias yuav tsum tau ua raws li kev tswj hwm nruj me ntsis kom ntseeg tau qhov tseeb qhov tseeb thiab qhov zoo ntawm niobium hlau.
Hlau kos duab
Hlau daim duab yog cov txheej txheem ntawm maj mam ncab lub coarse niobium pas nrig rau hauv ib tug zoo hlau los ntawm ib tug series ntawm maj txo lub cheeb ntawm cov pwm. Txhua daim duab yog nrog los ntawm hardening ntawm cov khoom, yog li yuav tsum muaj ntau yam anneals los tswj lub machinability thiab malleability ntawm niobium.
Txias Rolling
Qee qhov xwm txheej, niobium hlau billets yuav tsum tau mus rau hauv cov txheej txheem txias dov, uas cuam tshuam cov hlau los ntawm ib khub rotating rollers kom txo nws cov tuab thiab ua kom nws ntev. Txias dov feem ntau yog hloov nrog annealing kom maj mam ua cov niobium billet rau hauv cov hlau uas xav tau thiab loj.
Kev kho saum npoo
Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau lub siab purity thiab nto tiav ntawm niobium hlau xaim, tiav niobium hlau feem ntau yuav tsum tau kho saum npoo. Cov txheej txheem kho saum npoo muaj xws li electrolytic polishing thiab tshuaj polishing. Cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov oxides thiab impurities ntawm qhov chaw thiab txhim kho corrosion kuj thiab hluav taws xob conductivity ntawm niobium hlau.
Kev kuaj thiab ntim khoom
Thaum kawg, niobium hlau hlau yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas nruj kom ntseeg tau tias nws qhov loj me, purity thiab mechanical zog raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Tsim nyog niobium hlau yog ntim raws li cov neeg siv khoom xav tau, feem ntau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev kaw lossis lub ntim roj inert tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob oxidation thaum thauj thiab khaws cia.
Niobium Hlau Khoom Qeb
Niobium hlau yog cov hlau uas muaj xim zoo nkauj. Nws nta lub siab melting point (2,477 degree C), qis dua qhov zoo li cov hlau refractory, siab corrosion kuj (tab sis qis dua tantalum), thiab cov khoom ua haujlwm txias.
Hauv qab no yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm nws cov khoom:
Qeb Element — Kev hloov pauv hlau
Phase - Khoom
Symbol — Nb
Nr. — 41
Qhov ceev - 8.57 grams ib cubic centimeter
STD Atomic Nyhav - 92.90638 (2) g / mol
Crystal Structure - Lub Cev Nruab Nrab Cubic
Melting Kub - 2750 K, 2477 ° C, 4491 ° F
Boiling Point - 5017 K, 4744 degree C, 8571 degree F
Hluav taws xob tiv thaiv — (0 degree) 152 nΩ·m
Thermal conductivity — (300 K) 53.7 W·m−1·K–1
Thermal Expansion - 7.3 µm / (m·K)
Zhenan New Metal Co., Ltd. yeej ib txwm tsom rau kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim kho, tsim khoom thiab muag khoom ntawm cov khoom siv hlau. Peb lub Hoobkas npog thaj tsam ntawm 30, 000 square meters thiab muaj tag nrho cov khoom siv niaj hnub tsim. Nws muaj ob lub chaw tsim khoom hlau loj thiab lub chaw kuaj khoom siv hlau. Qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hlau tsim yog kev ntseeg siab.
Peb Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj
Nug cov lus nug
Peb yog cov kws tshaj lij niobium hlau tuam ntxhab thiab cov muag khoom hauv Suav teb, tshwj xeeb hauv kev muab cov kev pabcuam zoo. Peb sov siab txais tos koj mus yuav niobium hlau ntawm tus nqi sib tw los ntawm peb lub hoobkas. Tiv tauj peb kom paub meej ntxiv.